The curse of resource abundance in DRC
The abundance of resources in DRC – elephants and their tusks, rubber trees and their latex, vast and varied minerals, fertile soils and adequate rainfall, rivers suitable for navigation that also have waterfalls in sections essential for the production of hydroelectric power, and resilient people – should have turned the country into a first class industrial nation with rich people enjoying a high life expectancy. Instead DRC has been ruthlessly exploited, has suffered keptocracy (government of thieves), wars and massive loss of lives and displacements, and human rights abuses including sexual violence with impunity thereby turning the country into a third class pauper with the majority of Congolese among the poorest on earth. How did resource abundance turn into a curse? But first, let us briefly review the situation before plunder began.
Before the Congo basin became a part of the global community, the Congolese had developed strong kingdoms like Kongo and Luba. Economically they engaged in mixed farming growing a wide range of crops and herding cattle, goats and pigs etc. The foodstuffs were supplemented by hunting wild game, gathering wild fruits and vegetables and catching wild fish. Together they provided adequate and balanced diet in quantity and quality for a healthy, active and productive life. Because they ate well, they developed resistance against disease, had relatively low death rate and rapid population growth.