Donors have no basis to continue praising Uganda as a success story

Since the 1990s, Uganda under the leadership of President Museveni has been described by donors, foreign media and the United Nations as a ‘success story’ and a Washington Consensus ‘star performer’. When the National Resistance Movement (NRM) government came to power in 1986, Uganda had suffered fifteen years of political instability and economic collapse. There was excess capacity of idle labor, land and industries. The latter were performing at twenty percent of installed capacity. What Uganda needed was political stability and some foreign currency with which to import spare parts and inputs like hoes to rehabilitate the economy.

The government restored security in the southern half of the country and development partners provided funds after an agreement was signed with the International Monetary Fund in May 1987 making Uganda a ‘shock therapist’. With the blessing of good weather, excess capacity, resilient and hardworking people, the economy recorded rapid growth reaching 10 percent in mid-1990s albeit from a low base, inflation was tamed by reducing money in circulation, raising interest rates, balancing the budget largely by dismissing civil servants, introducing fees, eliminating some schools or classes and reducing teachers, charging fees for health services and reducing or eliminating subsidies. Because of these reforms, Uganda became a star performer and a successful ‘adjusting’ country.

Uganda – Washington Consensus Guinea Pig

The NRM government came to power in 1986 and inherited an economy that was in shambles. Uganda had an external debt of $1.2 billion, massive inflation that rose to 250 percent in 1987 and a GDP that was declining at 5.5 percent while money in circulation had increased by 90 percent. Uganda needed immediately $160 million for emergency relief and rehabilitation programs and $4 billion for rebuilding the shattered economy. The treasury was empty and the tax base almost non-existent. International support was therefore not only absolutely necessary but also needed very urgently. At the same time the government faced a very delicate security situation that needed top priority attention.

For eighteen months, NRM government avoided dealing with World Bank and IMF because it had criticized them for the harsh conditions they imposed on Uganda during Obote II regime. The government tried to bypass them and deal directly with bilateral donors to no avail. The British government representative who sounded the views of other major donors advised the government to enter into an agreement with the IMF first before donors could assist.